What is CNC Motion Control?

Fanuc CNC parts can greatly improve production efficiency, so they are widely used in manufacturing. CNC machine tools are mainly controlled by computer programs, the core of which is motion control.

What is Motion Control?

The most basic function of almost all Fanuc CNC controller tools is automatic, precise and consistent motion control. All motions have two or more motion directions. Similarly, the motion of CNC equipment can also be disassembled into motions in multiple directions, and each direction is called an axis. Through these axes, the computer can achieve precise positioning by determining the direction of the axis and the length of the axis.

Different from the manual control movement of traditional machine tools, Fanuc CNC machine tools are driven by Fanuc servo motor under CNC control and guided by the part program. Generally speaking, CNC machine tools can program almost all motion types, motion directions, motion amounts, and motion rates. The CNC instructions executed in the controller are the exact number of times the fanuc system servo drive motor rotates through the program. The rotation of the siemens right assy drive motor drives the ball screw to rotate, driving the linear axis, and the feedback device at the other end can ensure that the commanded number of revolutions has been completed.

Movement Direction

For CNC machine tools, the direction of motion is very important. The name of the axis will vary depending on the machine type. The names of commonly used axes are X, Y, Z, U, V, W, and these letters usually refer to linear axes. While A, B, and C usually refer to rotary axes. The program of the CNC machine tool is composed of commands, and the commands are composed of letters. The meanings of letters of different CNC machine tool manufacturers are not necessarily the same. Therefore, CNC machine tool managers must refer to the Fanuc control CNC programming manual to determine the word names and meanings. But the industry also has some common word names and meanings. For example, O stands for program number, N stands for serial number, G stands for preparation function, R stands for radius, and F stands for feedrate.

Three Basic Types of Exercise

Different types of Fanuc control system may have many different types of motion, but almost all CNC equipment has the three most common types of motion, including rapid motion, linear motion and circular motion.

1. Rapid Motion

This type of movement means that the machine moves at the fastest movement rate to minimize the non-productive time in the processing process. For example, positioning the fanuc cnc parts to or from the cutting position, moving to remove obstacles, and all non-cutting movements during program execution.

2. Linear Motion

This type of movement is the most basic and allows the programmer to specify the feed rate. It is mainly used for movements that require straight cutting, such as drill, turn straight diameters, end faces or tapers, and fanuc cnc mill straight surfaces.

3. Circular Motion

Circular motion refers to the movement of the machine in a circular path, which is mainly used to generate a radius during processing.